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高三英语语法结构
综合讲解提高训练
1. They keep telling us that it is vital that we there on time. A) are B) be C) must be D) would be [答案] B) 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。意思是:“他们不断告诫我们,按时到达是至关重要的。”在it+be+adj+that clause结构的从句中要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词为(should)do。 这种用法的形容词有necessary, vital, essential, important, strange, natural, surprising等。 例:1.It's natural that a child should love its mother. 孩子爱母亲是常情。 2. I'm sorry I couldn't get in touch with him before he left, I him earlier. A) had a telephone B) have phoned C) should have phoned D) should be phoned [答案] C) 本句的意思是:“真遗憾,在他走之前我不能跟他取得联系,我本该早点给他打电话 的。”“should(ought to)have done"含有对过去应该做的事而没有做到而责备的意思。例如:They should have come.(But they didn't.) 他们本该来的。(可他们却没有来。) 注意:ought to 与should意思大致相同,但有细微的差别,ought to更多反映客观情况,表示根据法律、义务“应当”,比should语气强,should表示主观看法、建议和劝说。 3. She have been listening to our conversation, It was private. A) shouldn't B) mustn't C) may not D) oughtn't to [答案] A) 本题考查情态动词的用法。全句的意思是:“她不该听我们的谈话、这是我们之间的私事”。选项A)shouldn't和选项D)oughtn't to可以表示不应该。这两者的区别在于:前者表示的是从道德或法律的角度来衡量不该做某事;而后者是希望某人不至于做某事。 本句表达的是不该发生的但已经发生的事情,所以应该用情态动词的否定式+动词的完成时态。例如: I shouldn't have told you about it, but I just couldn't help. (So, I told you about it.) 我本来不应该告诉你这个的,但我忍不住。(所以,我告诉了你。) She ought not to have interrupted them. (But she interrupted them. ) 她本来不应该打断他们的。(但她却那么做了。) Students mustn't talk during lessons. 学生上课时不得说话。 “may not+完成时态”表明讲话的人对过去发生了的事情有怀疑或推测。例如:It's no use going to his house. Ire may not have gone home, he may have gone somewhere else。到他家去也没用。他可能还没有回家,或者可能去其他地方了。选项C)may not显然不合句意。 4. It's getting rather late. It's time we . A) are going B) went C) go D) must go [答案] B) 在It is (high/about) time (that)句型中,谓语要用一般过去式的虚拟语气。 5. It is desired that everyone in his composition before next Friday A) be handed B) handed C) to hand D) hand [答案] D) It is desired that句型要求在主语从句中用虚拟语气(should)do形式。表命令、决定、建议的动词suggest, request, order, demand, recommend, require, desire, insist, propose, ask等词均要求其主语从句用虚拟语气形式。例如: 1)The emergency requires that it should be done. 情况紧急,非这样做不可。 2)He insisted that she (should) go with him. 他坚持要她和他一起去。 3) I recommend that everyone buy this dictionary.我建议每个人都买这本词典。 6. The suit fits me well the trousers are a bit too long. A) besides B) except C) except that D) except for [答案] C) except意为“除……之外”,表示“不包括”,不能放在句首;except that后可跟从句。except与but比较起来,意思相同,但except侧重除去的部分,but侧重在整体。besides意为“除了……还有”,表示“包括”。except for用来表示在说明整个情况后,对细节力口以修正。except for放在句首可代替except。例如: All came except Jane. 除了珍妮外,大家都来了。(珍妮没有来。) AH came besides Jane. 除珍妮来了之外,大家也都来了。 He is a good man except for hot temper. 他是个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。 Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes. 你的文章很好,只是有几处拼写错误。 注:except that可以与except for互换,因此上句可变为: Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes. 7. Do you remember to Mr. Smith last visit? A) to introduce B) having introduced C) being introduced D) to have introduced [答案] C) 在forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean等动词后跟不定式与跟动名词意义不同。不定式表示动作发生在谓语动词之后,而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。remember to do:记得去做;remember doing:记得做过。例如: 1) Remember to post the letter. 别忘记把这封信寄出去。 2) I remember seeing him somewhere. 我记得在哪里见过他。 3) I regret to tell you that his father died. 我很遗憾地告诉你,他父亲去世了。 4) He regrets having done such a thing. 他后悔做了这样的事。 8. It would be better to mail a letter of application to her advertiser to call him or her directly. A) as well B) or else C) rather than D) so as [答案] C) 本题考查连接词的用法。空格前的意思为“给登广告的人写一封求职信的办法更好”,空格后的意思为“直接打电话给他或她”。空格处应填表示“而不是”的选项。英语中表示“而不是”可以用rather than。在用rather than连接的句子中要求使用平行结构。例如:It ought to be you rather than me that signs the letter. 在这封信上签字的应该是你而不是我。 I'd prefer to go in September rather than in October. 我喜欢9月份去而不是10月份。 注意:如果平行结构是两个不定式的话,rather than后大多省略“to”,但也可保留“to”,这样更为正式。例如: We ought to check up rather than just accept what he says. 我们应该证实一下而不要只相信他的话。 I believe it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages/increasing wages. 我认为重要的是投资新机器而不是增加工资。 选项A)、B)和D)都不能体现原句的两个不定式的逻辑关系,所以不可选。
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