n"THIS SIDE UP" is often seen ____.
A.on a box    B.in the street    C.in a cinema    D.in a park
 思考题：           
1.-Thank you for your help. -__             ___
A.All right.      B.That's all right. C.That's right.   D.It's very kind of you.
2.-Do you mind if I close the window?  -____            __
A.No, I mind.    B.Yes, I don't mind.  C. No, not at all.    D.Yes, I'm afraid not.
3.-Help yourself to some apples.-__   A.I don't like it.     B.Sorry, I can't help it.
C.Never mind.       D.Thank you very much.
4.-Tom will take care of our cat while we're away. -____
A．Fine, thank you.     B.I'll do it myself.   C.That's very kind of him.     D.It doesn't matter.
5.-You speak English quite well. -__             __
A.I don't think so.       B.You don't say so.  C.No, I don't speak well.    D.Thank you. 
动词的时态与语态的综合运用
确定正确的时态
 1.根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.
a. I ________ (write) now.     b. I ______(lose) my pen yesterday.
c. We ___________ (study) English for two years.
 2.根据上下文来确定时态 
 有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态. A.Where are the twins?    B.They ______ (go) to visit Uncle Wang.            
 3.根据主从句的关系来确定时态.           4.根据语言习惯来确定时态
*1.come,go,leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作.
*2.永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时.
*3.祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形
Don't _____ (read)in the sun , will you?  You'd better _____ (stay)at home since it's raining outside.
 注意所填动词的语态
 Today both basketball and volleyball _________(play) in many countries.        
确定动词的形式
 1. be busy,what about等后用动词的-ing 形式.  2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing 形式.         
 3.在 keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等动词后采用动词的--ing 形式.      
 4.在动词 decide,hope,wish,hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,即 “ask sb. to do sth.”的形式
5.在see,hear,watch,make,let等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号“ to”, 但在被动句中, 应添上"to".     
 6.在 It‘s time(for sb.)to do sth. It's kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语.
 7.疑问代词/副词 (why 除外) + to do sth. 结构,可在句中作主语, 表语和宾语.        
练习题：
  1.The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ________(blow) the earth away.          
  2.Mr Smith kept on _____ (ask) the players to remember-----TEAMWORK
3.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how ____ (do) the problem.
4.The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him ______ (carry) it for her.
  5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的适当形式填空:
(1).WangHai is a good comrade.He always does his best ________others.
(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees can’t ___________well .
(3).It's time for class.Let's stop _______to the teacher.
(4).Her face turned red when she _______ to sing a song for all of us.
(5).She is older than Mary but ________much younger.
(6).--I can't find my keys.--Maybe you ___________ them at home.
(7).We waited in the next room while they ____________a meeting.
(8).Hurry up.You __________the train if you don't.
思考题：    
用 send,show,turn,cost,write,fly,get,stop,see,do,hear,go 的适当形式填空
  1.____ you ___ each other since you left school ten years ago?           
  2.What ___they ___at 8:00 yesterday evening.     
  3.The Smiths are getting ready ___to Australia for their holdiay.        
  4.The beautiful jacket___too much , doesn't it?        
  5.Lucy and Lily were playing cards when they ___ a loud knock at the door.           
  6.The radio says the rain ___later on.          
  7.The boy ___to hospital as soon as the traffic accident happened. 
  8.Today films___in English everywhere in the world.
    9.It's summer now.The days___longer and the nights shorter.
   10.Mother ___ to Shanghai and she'll be back in a week or so.               
动词的时态（上）
A:一般现在时棗通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构 ：1）be动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。
有一顺口溜体现了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is跟着他她它, 复数都用are
肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他   否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他
疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are
(否) No,主语 + am /is/are not缩写形式: I'm == I am That's ==That is
We're ==We are What's== What is    You're == You are Who's == Who is
They're ==They are Where's ==Where is     He's ==He is isn't==is not
She's ==She is aren't==are not     It's == It is
2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词 词尾加-s或-es   肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数  ， 否定式:主语+助动词 don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他        疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他          简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does       (否)No,主语+do/does not         缩写形式: don't == do not    doesn't ==does not
注意：have的第三人称单数为has
用法： 1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用,    eg. He has a brother.     2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 
3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 .   eg. Here comes the train.
4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 .   eg.I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.
B:一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。
结构： 1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。     2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。
肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他        eg. I got up at six this morning.
否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他       eg.John didn't live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他     eg.Did you see him a moment ago?
简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did     (否)No , 主语 + didn't.
 用法 ：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.   eg.My father was at work yesterday.
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用.
    eg.He always went to work by bus last summer.
3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.   eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest.
4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如… ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用.     eg.They began the work two months ago.
Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.
C:一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 
  结构： 助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will   肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他
否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.
疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will .
(否)No,主语+shall/will+not … 缩写形式: 'll ==shall/will
shan't== shall not    won't == will not
用法: 1.表示将要发生的动 作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等.    eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year.
Maybe China's population _______ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005.
2.表示某种必然的趋势  eg. Fish will die without water.
解析： 1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求.    eg. Where shall we have the meeting?
        Will you please lend me your pen?
2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.
eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday.
3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.   eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there.     4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时.
(1).表示主观意愿.打算等. eg. He's going to learn English next term.
(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况  eg. Look at the black clouds!  ----It is going to rain.
D:现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。
结构： am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式
用法： 1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用.
eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment?   Listen! She is singing in the next room.
2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.  eg. They are planting trees these days.                   
3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.  eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.                    
注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science.
练习题：
1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center ___ .  a.once a week   b. in a week   c. next week   d. for a week  

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