的承受者(常为主动句的宾语)作被动句的主语.b.找到谓语变为be + 过去分词的结构.
c.找到动作的执行者(常为主动句的主语)作 by 的宾语.若不必指出动作的执行者,可省去 by 短语.  d.确定be动词的时态.数. 例如: She makes the beautiful kites.
The beautiful kites are made by her. (被动句)
 2）被动句如何变为主动句.  a.找到动作的执行者(常为被动句的宾语)作主动句的主语.
b.找到be+过去分词结构还原为及物动词原形.
c.找到动作的承受者(常为被动句的主语)作主动句的宾语.
d.确定及物动词的时态.数(注意)在以上转换中,代词作主语用主格, 代词作宾语用宾格.
6.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen, watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to
 He made the boy work for him. →The boy was made to work for him.
 7.主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时, 通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语. His uncle gave him a dictionary yesterday.→He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday.
 练习题:
把下列句子变为被动句:  1.They asked me to come a little later. →I ___ _____ to come a little later.
 2.Women often talk about food and clothes. →Food and clothes ____ often _____ about by women.          
 3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing? → ___this kind of truck _____ in Nanjing?              
 4.We must clean our teeth twice a day. →Our teeth must ___ ____ twice a day.                 
 5.Can I answer this question in simple English? →_____this question __ ______ in simple English?            
 6.You may clean the room after work. → The room may _____ _______ after work.
   思考题:
 1.We use brooms for sweeping the floor. → Brooms___ ___for sweeping the floor.          
 2. They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year.
→ Quite a few tall buildings ___ _____ in their hometown last year.              
 3. You must not put the bike there. → The bike ___ ____ _____there.                    
 4. Can you see the stars in the daytime? → Can the stars _____ __in the daytime?              
句子（三）
四、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。    Open the door, please.
 2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don't。   Don't be late for class.
 3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。     Let me/us     Let him/her/them  eg. Let's go to school.    注意： 1)祈使句 ＋ and/or ＋ 简单句是常用句型
 祈使句 + and + 简单句 表示“如果…，就…”
祈使句 + or + 简单句 表示“…否则…”
eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital.   2.Be quick,or we'll be late.
 2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。
 eg.①Tell me about it,will you/won't you?    ②Don't tell anyone,will you?
   ③Let's go to school,shall we?  ④Let us go out to play for a while,will you?                   
 练习题     1)_____ on the thin ice. It's dangerous.
 A.Don't skate   B.Don't skating    C.Skate   D.Not skate
  2)Let's fly the kite on the playground, _____ ______?（附加问句）
 3)Please turn down the radio a bit, ____ _____?（附加问句）
句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单
一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
  eg. We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.
 二、并列句：由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。 eg. 1)I come from China and he comes from Japan.    2)Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
   3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find it.
   4)She didn't know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher.
   5)He's interested in music while John is interested in sports.
              三、复合句
 A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
      1、连接词  1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。
 eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether.
 ①介词后的宾语从句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
  ②与or not连用：I don't know whether I should go or not.
  3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。  eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
  2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
 (1).Bill wanted to know who did this.  (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
  (3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
   3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
  eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.  ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
  如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
  注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。  eg. I don’t think that English is easy.   I think that English is not easy. ( 误)
练习题：（一）
 ①How does he get on with his new classmates? Could you tell me? (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)   Could you tell me how ____ _____ on with his new classmates?
 ②What is he doing there? Mother didn't know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
 Mother didn't know what _____ ______doing there.
  ③Could you tell me ________ they are talking about?   A.where B.when C.why D.what     
 ④You'd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on.
 ⑤Excuse me.Could you tell me where ___________? 
 A.is the toilet B.the toilet is C.was the toiletD.the toilet was
   句子（四）
四、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。
 1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。    Open the door, please.
 2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don't。   Don't be late for class.
 3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。     Let me/us     Let him/her/them    eg. Let's go to school.
         注意： 1)祈使句 ＋ and/or ＋ 简单句是常用句型
 祈使句 + and + 简单句 表示“如果…，就…”  祈使句 + or + 简单句 表示“…否则…” eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital.       2.Be quick,or we'll be late. 2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。 eg.①Tell me about it,will you/won't you?  ②Don't tell anyone,will you? ③Let's go to school,shall we? ④Let us go out to play for a while,will you?
 练习题
  1)_____ on the thin ice. It's dangerous.
 A.Don't skate   B.Don't skating    C.Skate   D.Not skate
 2)Let's fly the kite on the playground, _____ ______?（附加问句）
 3)Please turn down the radio a bit, ____ _____?（附加问句）
 句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单
一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
  eg. We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.
 二、并列句：由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。 eg. 1)I come from China and he comes from Japan.
 2)Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.  3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find it.
  4)She didn't know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher.
  5)He's interested in music while John is interested in sports.
 三、复合句
 A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
 1、连接词  1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。
 eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
 2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether. ①介词后的宾语从句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
  ②与or not连用：I don't know whether I should go or not.
  3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。  eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
  2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
  (1).Bill wanted to know who did this.  (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
  (3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
   3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
  eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.
     ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.
     ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?           
 如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
   注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。  eg. I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误)
      句子（五）
1、同义词组的转换：指不同的词组表达同一个意思，用另一个意义相同的词组替换原句中的词组。  1)Did your parents have a good time in Hangzhou?
  Did your parents _________ ___________ in Hangzhou? 
  2)Jane prefers English to maths.   Jane _____ English ______ than maths. 
 3)The smiths flew to London for their holiday yesterday afternoon.
  The smiths ______to London for their holiday ___ ____yesterday afternoon.
 4)Yesterday Tom heard from his sister.  Yesterday Tom ________ ______ ______ ______ his sister.
5)The woman spent ￥200 on her handbag.
 The woman ___ ￥200 __ her handbag.  Her handbag ____ the woman ￥200.
   6)Li

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