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四,宾语从句的有关用法 A. 常见的宾语从句都是用在这些动词之后的,如know , ask , tell, wonder (想知道)等词语.宾语从句有如下的几个规则需要大家掌握好: .宾语从句正常语序,即主语在前,谓语在后 主句是一般时态,从句该用什么时态就用什么 时态 .主句如果是过去时态的某个时态,从句应该用 过去时的相应时态 但是应该注意的是,如果从句是表示的客观真 理的时候,不变,仍然用一般现在时. The teacher told me that the earth goes around the sun. ④could you ....+宾语从句 ? 这里的 could 并不是过去时态的标志,应用的时候应 注意使用,通常使用一般时态. Could you please tell me where he lives ? B.宾语从句分三种形式 宾语从句是陈述句的时候,这是从句的连接词为that,并且常常可以省略. I told my mother. Tom wes going shopping I told my mother that Tom was going shoppiing. 宾语从句是一般疑问句的时候,这是从句的连接词为if / whether I asked Tom. Was he going shopping? I asked Tom if / whether he was going shopping. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句的时候,这时从句的连接词为这个疑问词,但是要注意从句的正常语序. I know. Where does Tom live ? I know where Tom lives. 我知道Tom住的地方 五.被动语态的用法 注意被动语态也是中考的中难点部分,这一个部分同学们应该重点的把握被动语态的结构,即:Be +动词的过去分词.把握主语和谓语动词的关系.以下的几个例子仅供参考. 1.Many trees should be planted to stop the land from blowing away 2.The flowers are watered by me evrey day 3.Many buildings have been built since 1999. 4.The students should be allowed to wear their own uniforms. 5.All the other students went home ,but I still was at the school becauce I was not told to go home. 其他所有的学生都被告诉回家了,而我没有,因为我没有被告诉. 6.He was not invited to go to the party. 他没有被邀请参加这一个晚会. 六.现在完成时的有关用法和注意事项. A.现在完成时有两中用法 动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响和后果 He has written the letter (对现在造成的影响是,信件已经写完) I have had breakfast (对现在造成的影响是,我已经饱了) 动作发生在过去,持续到现在,或者还将要持续下去,通常和since + 时间点, for+ 时间段, how long 等词语来连用,并且值得注意的是,句子中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词,同时也是历届中考的出题的方向和采分点,需注意. 常见的有:join → be a member of buy→ have come→ be here go→ be there leave→ be away begin→ be on 1.How long have you been here ? 你在这里呆多长时间了. B. 现在完成时态的标志 since + 时间点, for+ 时间段, how long ,never, ever, so far , since then,in the last/past +时间段,recently(最近),already , yet 等 C.have gone to "去了某地"强调人不在原地 May I speak to Tom ? I am sorry you can not .He has gone to Shanghai. have been to "去过某地"表示人已经回来. Have you been to Shanghai ,Tom? Yes . Shanghai is a beautiful place.
七.冠词的有关用法
A 不定冠词的用法 1.第一次提到的人或物的时候 This is a book 2.范指某人或某物的时候,以区别其他的种类 A plane is a machine. 3.用语某些固定的短语中 have a swim/walk /talk /rest 并且等于对应的动词, in a hurry , have a good time , do sb a favour (帮助某人 ) B. 定冠词的用法 1.谈话双方都知道的人或事 Please look at the book 2.特指或上文已经提到的人或事 Do you know the boy in red ?(特指) I have a book . The book is English book . 3.表示世界上的独一无二的人或事 The earth goed around the sun 4.用在形容词的最高级或序数词前,以及对两个事物进行比较的时候起特指作用的比较级前 The man is the tallest in the class The man is the first one to come The man is the taller of the two. 5.the +姓+s 表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Smiths are going to Shanghai.使密斯一家打算去上海。 6.在单数可数名词前,可以表示一类人或事 The orange is orange 橘子是橘色的。 7.与形容词连用表示一类人 The rich / poor are ... 8.方位和乐器名词前 in the east play the piano 9.常用在介词短语中或某些固定的短语中 in the desk , by the way , in the end , all the time , at the same time 等等 英语中不用冠词的时候 1. 专有名词前如:人名,地名,国名,物质名词等 ①China is a great country ②Mary lives in New York 2. 名词前已经有指示代词(如this,that ,these,those )物主代词(your , my 等),名词所有格等修饰的时候,就不用the 修饰 My book is good .我的一本书是好的。 3. 在节日,日期,星期,月份,季节等词语前 ① June 1 is Children Day ② We swim in the river in summer 4. 在称呼前或头衔前不加 Mr Li is a good father. He is monitor in our class 5. 在三餐,球类以及学科名词前不加冠 We all like English . 7.有在某些固定的短语中或某些习惯用语之中 day and night 日夜 face to face面对面 side by side 肩并肩 step by step一步一步 neck to neck 并驾齐驱,不分上下 at home在家 by bike 乘自行车
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