|
08届高三英语动名词高考考点详释
( 含配套习题)
动名词 例:1It' s no use to her about the importance of the document . A) talking B) talked C) to talk D) talk [答案] A) [解析] 此题中的“It”是形式主语,要填入空格中的是真正的主语。根据真正的主语这一句子成分的要求,首先要排除的是B)和D)。又根据句型要求,“It's no use”后应接动名词作真正主语,故应选择A)。常用动名词短语作真正主语的句型有: It's no use / no good + doing … It's no easy job + doing … It' s a waste of time + doing… It's nice / difficult + doing … 例: ○1I don't mind all that way in such bad weather . A) go B) gone C) going D) to go [答案] C) [解析] 及物动词mind除了可接名词、代词作其宾语外,还可接动名词作宾语,但绝对不能接不定式作宾语,,因此只有C)是正确答案。 [学习指导] 虽然在近几次的测试中没有考查动词不定式,但不定式这一语言现象却非常重要,而且使用频率很高。因为它既可以起动名词的作用(在句中作主语、宾语、表语),又可以起分词的作用(在句中作定语、状语、补足语)。在此,我们单就动名词和不定式作宾语的情况进行总结。 (1)下面的动词要求动名词作宾语: advise(劝告),deny(否认),admit(承认,接纳),endure(忍耐,忍受),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受,喜爱),acknowledge(承认),escape(逃跑,逃避),appreciate(感激,欣赏),excuse (原谅),anticipate(预期,预测)fancy(幻想,设想),celebrate(庆祝),favore(赞同,喜爱),complete(完成),figure(计算,描绘),can’I help(不禁),finish(完成,结束),confess(坦白),imagine(想像),consider(考虑),involve(使卷入,包含),discourage(使泄气),recall(回想),delay(推迟),require.(要求,需要),justify(证明……正确),resume(恢复),keep(保持),risk(冒……的危险),mind(注意,留意),save(营救,节省),pardon(原谅),stop(停止),permit(允许,许可),suggest(建议),postpone(推迟,延期),tolerate(容忍,默许),practise(练习,实践),quit(离开,停止)
(2)下面的短语动词(动词+介词,be+形容词+介词)要求动名词作宾语: count on(依靠),object to(反对),decide on(决定),oppose to(反对),dream of(梦想),put off(延期),feel like(想要),persist in(坚持),give up(放弃),take up(拿起),go in for(从事),think of(想到),go on(发生,进行,继续),be capable of(能够),insist on(坚持),be engaged in(从事),keep on(继续),be fond of(爱好),look forward to(盼望),be good at(擅长于),leave off(停止),be sick of(厌烦),be tired of(厌烦),be proud of(为……自豪),be keen on(喜爱)
(3)下面的动词要求不定式作宾语: ask(要求),fail(不能),arrange(安排),hope(希望),agree(同意),hesitate(犹豫),beg(请求),incline(有……倾向),care(关心,喜欢),leam(学习,学会),choose(选择),manage(设法),cease(停止),omit(忘记,忽略),elaim(要求),offer(提供),desire(渴望),pretend(假装),demand(要求),promise(承诺),determine(决定),plan(计划),deeide(决定),undertake(承接),expect(期望),wish(希望).
(4)下列动词后的宾语既可是不定式,又可是动名词,意义差别不大。一般来说,接动名词作宾语,往往表示一般的、经常性的行为;接不定式作宾语,通常表示特定的和具体的行为。 attempt(企图,尝试),hate(恨,不喜欢),begin(开始),intend(意欲,打算),continue(继续),like(喜欢),can't bear(不能忍受),love(喜爱,热爱),can't afford(负担不起),neglect(疏忽,忽略),dislike(不喜欢),prefer(喜欢,愿意),propose(建议),start(开始)
(5)下列动词后接不定式或动名词,意义上有很大差别,有时句子结构也变了。请看下面的表格:
|
主 语 |
谓语动词 |
宾 语 |
状 语 |
中文意思 |
|
某人 |
forget |
to do sth |
|
忘记(要做的事) |
|
某人 |
forget |
doing sth |
|
忘记(已做过的事) |
|
某人 |
remember |
to do sth |
|
记住(要做某事) |
|
某人 |
remember |
doing sth |
|
记得(做过某事) |
|
某人 |
regret |
to do sth |
|
(对要做的事)遗憾 |
|
某人 |
regret |
doing sth |
|
(对做过的事)后悔 |
|
某人 |
goon |
|
to do sth |
继而(做另一件事) |
|
某人 |
goon |
doing sth |
|
继续(做原来的事) |
|
某人/某事 |
mean |
to do sill |
|
企图、打算(做某事) |
|
某人/某事 |
mean |
doing sth |
|
意味着(做某事) |
|
某人 |
propose |
to do sth |
|
打算(做某事) |
|
某人 |
propose |
doing sth |
|
建议(做某事) |
|
某人 |
stop |
|
to do sth |
停下来去做另一件事 |
|
某人 |
stop |
doing sth |
|
停止正在做的事 |
|
某人 |
try |
to do sth |
|
尽力去做某事 |
|
某人 |
by |
doing sth |
|
试着做某事 |
|
某人/某物 |
desene |
doing(=to be done) |
|
值得/应该做…… |
|
某人 |
Want/need |
to do sth |
|
想要/必须做某事 |
|
某物 |
Want/need |
doing(=to be done) |
|
需要…… |
|
某人/某物 |
require |
doing(=to be done) |
|
需要…… |
注:1)、2)、3)、4)、5)中列出的动词均在《基本要求》的范围之内。 例如:I regret to say I have given you much trouble these days. 我很遗憾地说,这些天来给你添了不少麻烦。 I regret not having taken the doctor's advice. 我后悔没听医生的话。 She doesn't want to meet him. 她不想见他。 This old desk needs painting.=This old desk needs to be painted. 这张旧桌子需要刷漆。 This baby deserves taking good care of. = This baby deserves to be taken good care of. 应该好好照顾这个婴儿。 [专项练习] (61) It was impolite of him into the office without at the door first . A) to come, to knock B) to come, knocking C) coming, knocking D) coming, to knock (62) Please forgive me for your permission your dictionary . A) not asking , to use B) asking not , to use C) not asking , using D) not asking , for using (63) Most children enjoy ice-cream in summer , but too much ice-cream will do harm to their health . A) to eat B) eat C) eating D) to eating (64) Peter was once made the classroom for a week as a punishment because he was always late for school . A) clean B) to clean C) cleaning D) to be cleaning (65) ---- "What's the matter with you ?" ---- "I feel like (呕吐) now . I'd like the bus and have a rest . A)vomiting , getting off B)to vomit , to get off C) to vornit, getting off D) vomiting , to get off (66) It took a long time for the new soldiers to get used to early in the morning. A) getting up B) get up C) got up D) be getting (67) Air isn't so clean here as it used to . A) was B) is C) be D) being (68) Do you know the building we are supposed ? A) to go B) to go to C) going to D) to be going (69) There flowers require and should avoid to the sun . A) taking good care of, being exposed B) to take good care of, expose C) taking good care of, exposing D) take good care, to be exposed (70) He preferred rather than join in the ball game . A) to watching B) watch C) to watch D) watches
[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页
|