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08初中英语主要句式典型正误辨析
［误］ The stories in that book was written many years ago
［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago.
［析］ 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。
［误］ To read many books are good for you
［正］ To read many books is good for you
［析］ 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。
［误］ What he said are right
［正］ What he said is right
［析］ 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。
［正］ The rich is not always happy
［误］ The rich are not always happy
［析］ 形容词＋定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports
［误］ The school master and writer are coming
［正］ The school master and writer is coming
［析］ 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。
［误］ You or she go to get some water for us
［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us
［析］ 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人称作"就近原则"。
［误］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom
［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom
［析］ 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。
［误］ My glasses is broken
［正］ My glasses are broken
［误］ This pair of glasses are good
［正］ This pair of glasses is good
［误］ These kinds of butter is good.
［正］ These kinds of butter are good
［析］ 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜， shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。
［误］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match
［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match
［析］ One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。
［误］ Half of the work are done
［正］ Half of the work is done
［误］ Half of the books is read
［正］ Half of the books are read
［析］ 在小于1的数量词作主语时，如： ２ ３ ，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名词，这时主语的数应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。
［误］ Each sides are full of trees
［正］ Each side is full of trees
［误］ Both side is full of trees
［正］ Both sides are full of trees
［析］ each， either 其后都要加单数名词，而 both 后要加复数名词。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主语时，谓语动词全部要用单数形式。
［误］ The boys each has an apple
［正］ The boys each have an apple
［析］ each 作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。
［误］ Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert
［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert
［析］ everyone， someone， everybody … 在作主语时都不能加 of 结构。
［误］ Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football
［正］ Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football
［析］ few 虽然含意上是"几乎没有"，但作主语时仍要当作复数。
［误］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred
［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred
［析］ the number of 意为：某某的数字是…… 如： the number of students 学生人数， the number of players 运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a number of 与 many 意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass
［误］ The rest of the students is here
［正］ The rest of the students are here
［误］ The rest of the work are done
［正］ The rest of the work is done
［析］ the rest of 的用法与２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的结构一致， of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。
［误］ The news in today's newspaper are not bad
［正］ The news in today's newspaper is not bad
［析］ 有些以 s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， …
［误］ The Chinese is kind and friendly
［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly
［析］ Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如： one Chinese， two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。
［误］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me
［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me
［析］ 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。
［误］ Who are going to take part in our football match?
［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match?
［析］ 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 则要视其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?
［误］ What a hot weather it is!
［误］ How hot the weather it is!
［正］ What hot weather it is!
［正］ How hot the weather is!
［析］ 感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还是用 how 的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 应转换为： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起点是单词 it。 再来看感叹句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather， 则只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 转为陈述句时为： The weather is hot这时句子的开始单词为 the weather， 再来看感叹句在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。 至于是用 what a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用 what。
［误］ We have to sing this， have we?
［误］ We have to sing this， haven't we?
［正］ We have to sing this, don't we?
［析］ 在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外：
Let's go home， shall we?
Let us go home， will you?
She had to leave， didn't she?
Do your homework at once， will you?
There is not much good news in today's newspaper， is there?
Neither of them are right， are they?
I think he will come to the party won't he?
think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如： I don't think he is coming to our party， is he?
［误］ I want to know where does he live
［正］ I want to know where he lives
［析］ 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。
［误］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match
- Nor I have
［正］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match
- Nor (Neither) have I
［析］ nor， neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary
［误］ Look! Here the bus comes!
［正］ Look! Here comes the bus!
［误］ Look! Here comes he!
［正］ Look! Here he comes
［析］ 在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。
［误］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?
No， I don't hope so
［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?
No， I hope not
［析］ 我不这样想，可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用 I hope not 这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如： I think so. I hope so
［误］ That is difficult for us to learn English well
［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well
［析］ It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。
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